By Farzin Zandi  “Operation Freedom”, paused after just one day, was Donald Trump’s latest gambit to force Iran into reopening access through the Strait of Hormuz before his trip to China, allowing him to gain diplomatic leverage.  It was a move designed to…

By Farzin Zandi  From Iran’s integration into the Islamic Caliphate after the fall of the Iranian Sassanids empire in 636 to the rise of a centralized Iran’s Safavid state in 1501, nearly a millennium passed during which “Iran” as a unified political entity…

By Farzin Zandi  “Swiftly, forcefully, and decisively” describes one of the most consequential actions taken by a U.S. president—Donald Trump—in the modern history of the Middle East. On January 3rd, 2020, Iranians awoke to news that shattered a long-standing assumption: General Qassem Soleimani,…

World Geostrategic Interview with Farzin Zandi on the application of the gray zone concept in Iran’s geopolitical strategy to deal with the U.S. threat, and expand its influence in the Middle East, Iran’s actual role in the conflict between Israel and Hamas, and…